Gulf oil flows ex-Iran have recovered to over 81% of pre-war levels, and Kpler says Middle East crude exports topped pre-war volumes on 14 days in September — all while tanker attacks keep climbing. T

What happened: Gulf oil exports have recovered sharply despite a surge in attacks on ships around the Strait of Hormuz, with flows partly rerouted via Saudi Arabia's East-West pipeline and ship-to-ship transfers. Key numbers: Gulf flows excluding Iran reached over 81 percent of pre-war levels in September. Why it matters: Analysts say flows can continue only while routes and the pipeline stay secure, and the shuttle system is raising freight costs and tightening tanker availability. Iran disputes claims of increased flow.

Hormuz ship attacks threaten oil export sustainability amid rising tensions.

Hormuz ship attacks threaten oil export sustainability amid rising tensions. — impact context not separately stored; see What changed.